Malays, Bugis
Malays, Bugis are the Malays (Johor, Minangkabau, and Pattani) who made the migration to the South since 1490. These nomads, the nomads eventually gave birth to offspring that play a role in the kingdoms of South Sulawesi, Riau, and Peninsular Malaysia.
Early Arrival The Malays to Sulawesi
In 1542, Antonio de Paiva a Portuguese adventurer landed at noon, an old kingdom on the southern coast of Makassar. De Paiva declared on landing he had met the Malays in the afternoon. They inhabit the village Malays with an orderly arrangement of the community since 1490. Manuel Pinto, who visited the afternoon in the year 1545, states that the Malays in the afternoon amounted to about 40 000 inhabitants. In the era of government Karaeng Tumaparisi Kallonna (1500-1545), the Malays have founded a settlement in Mangallekana, Somba Opu north of the capital of the kingdom of Gowa. During Karaeng Tunipallangga, the Malays skipper Datuk Bonang sent to the king of Gowa Mangallekana given the right to autonomy.
The role of Malays in Sulawesi
Since the arrival of the Malays to kerajan Gowa, its role not only as merchants and scholars, but also affect social and political life of the kingdom. And the role of the large number of Malays in the kingdom of Gowa, causing the king of Gowa Karaeng Tunijallo XII (1565-1590) built a mosque in Mangallekana for the Malays, even though the king had not embraced Islam. [2] In the kingdom of Gowa's power structure, many Malays role important in the royal palace. In the reign of the king of Gowa X (1546-1565), a mixed-blood descendants of Malays Bajau, Daeng Ri syahbandar Mangallekana appointed as the kingdom. Since then syahbandar hereditary positions are held by Malays. Another important position is as a court clerk. At the time of Sultan Hasanuddin (1653-1669), a Incik Melayu Amin became clerk of the court as well as a poet.
The role of the Malays in the kingdom also includes the teaching of literature and religion. Some religious texts and literary works translated from language to language of the Bugis Malays. As Hikayat Rabiatul Adawiah, Hikayat Isma orphans, Hikayat Muhammad Hanafiah, Hikayat Shahi Mardan Ali Al Murtada, Hikayat Puteri Manikam Jauhar. Intellectual tradition continued until the 19th century with the rewriting of literary works Sureg I Lagaligo Melayu Johor, Ratna Kencana or Collipujie Sporting Pancana Toa Tanate Datu.
From several sources it is known that until the year 1615, the economic wheel of Sulawesi in particular through the Inter-island trade in the port of Makassar dominated by people of Johor and Pattani. Malays who had settled in Sulawesi since many centuries ago still has trade ties with her native country in the land of the peninsula and the islands of Riau. Since the year 1511, Malays have brought rice traders from Sulawesi to Malacca. It was only in the year 1621, under the rule of Sultan Alauddin Manrabia Daeng (1593-1639), the Bugis people begin to take an important part in world trade and shipping of the archipelago.
Ethnic mixing
Can not be known exactly when people began to Malays Pattani and Minangkabau living in Makassar. Some local sources said that the arrival of the Minangkabau people Pattani and shortly after the fall of Malacca into the hands of the Portuguese in the year 1511. The presence of the Portuguese in Malacca led to the interests of people of Johor, Pattani, and Minangkabau to be disturbed.
Leang Datuk Abdul Kadir and Mr Fatimah known as the forerunner to the family of origin Melayu Pattani. Meanwhile, Datuk Makotta and Mr. Sitti is the origin of Minangkabau family. In Makassar occurred the marriage of people with Minngkabau Pattani, which was marked with the marriage of Mr. Aminah, daughter of Mr Leang Rajja Abdul Kadir, Datuk Makotta son. Marriage is usually given the title incek. Then there were also marriages between Malays with the Bajau, who was given the title curry. Marriage between curry and incek, gave birth to generations of Malays, Bugis society known as the tubaji (Makassar language) and tudenceng (Bugis language). Throughout the more than 150 years there has been intermarriage between the nobility Bugis-Makassar with the Malays. Offspring no longer refers to himself as the Malays, but rather refers to himself as the Bugis or people of Makassar.
Back to the Land Melayu
When there is tension between the kingdom of Gowa with the VOC in gaining economic dominance in eastern Indonesia since the early 17th century, the Malays and Javanese that works in foreign offices received a heavy blow. Kingdom is very suspicious of the Malays who worked for the Dutch trade activities in Makassar. This suspicion peaked when the kingdom of Gowa Makassar lost the war (1667-1669) which resulted in them expelled from the kingdom. War forced the Sultan Hasanuddin Makassar Bongaya entered into a very adverse Gowa. As a result of this agreement, the Malays who occupy positions in the kingdom with other Bugis people of Sulawesi to take part leave the kingdoms in the land of the Malays.
Figure
• Raja Ali Haji
• Tun Abdul Razak
• Najib Tun Razak
Saturday, August 28, 2010
Thursday, August 26, 2010
Bugis Tribe History
History
Origins
Bugis is a tribe belonging to the tribes Deutero Malays. Go to the archipelago after the first wave of migration from mainland Asia rather Yunan.
The word "Bugis" derives from the word To Ugi, which means the Bugis. Naming "ugi" refers to the first king of the Chinese empire contained in Pammana, Wajo today, namely La Sattumpugi. When the people of La Sattumpugi named themselves, then they refer to their king. They dub themselves as To Ugi or people or followers of La Sattumpugi. He is the father of Sattumpugi We Cudai and sisters with Batara Lattu, his father from Sawerigading. Sawerigading itself is the husband of We Cudai and bore some children, including La Galigo that make the greatest literary works in the world with a total of approximately 9000 folio pages. Sawerigading Opunna Ware (his lordship in Ware) is a story that stated in I La Galigo literary works in the tradition of the Bugis community. Sawerigading story is known in the community tradition Luwuk, Kaili, Gorontalo and some other traditions such as the Buton in Sulawesi.
Development
During its development, this community grow and formed several kingdoms. This community then develop the culture, language, literacy, and governance of their own. Some classic Bugis kingdom among others Luwu, Bone, Wajo, Soppeng, Suppa, Sawitto, Sidenreng and Rappang. Although scattered and formed Bugis, but the process of marriage caused by consanguinity Makassar and Mandar.
Currently Bugis people scattered in several regencies of Luwu, Bone, Wajo, Soppeng, Sidrap, Pinrang, Barru. Transition area between the Bugis Makassar is Bulukumba, Sinjai, Maros, Pangkajene Islands. Bugis with Mandar transition area is the district community policing and Pinrang. Luwu Kingdom is considered the oldest kingdom with the kingdom of China (which later became Pammana), Mario (later became part Soppeng) and afternoon (the area in Pangkajene Islands)
Early Empire
Bone Kingdom
Bone area of disorder for seven generations, which subsequently appeared a known Manurungnge To Manurung ri Matajang. Seven small kings inaugurated Manurungnge ri Matajang as their king and their names became Arumpone legislative council known as pitue ade.
Kingdom of Makassar
In the 12th century, 13, and 14 feet kingdom of Gowa, Soppeng, Bone, and Wajo, which begins with a social crisis, where people prey on each other like fish. Kingdom of Makassar (Gowa), then co-founded the kingdom, the kingdom Tallo. But in its development, the twin kingdoms (Gowa and Tallo) back together into the kingdom of Makassar (Gowa).
Soppeng Kingdom
In the event of chaos, two people appeared in Soppeng To Manurung. First, a woman known by the name Manurungnge Goarie ri ri who then ruled Soppeng Aja. and second, a man named La Temmamala Manurungnge Sekkanyili ri ri Soppeng ruling in Lau. Finally, two kingdoms into the silk Soppeng twin.
Wajo Kingdom
While the royal Wajo derived from the communes of different directions Lampulungeng gathered around the lake that has led a supernatural ability called puangnge lampulung ri. Now, while he, the commune is moving to Boli headed by a person who also has supernatural abilities. Lapaukke arrival of a prince of the kingdom of China (Pammana) for some time afterward, and then build the kingdom Cinnotabi. Over the past five generations, this kingdom was dissolved and formed the Kingdom Wajo.
The conflict between the Kingdom
In the 15th century when the kingdoms of Gowa and Bone began to strengthen, and Soppeng and Wajo began to emerge, then the border conflict in the political domination and economic control of inter-kingdom. Bone kingdom expanded its territory to meet with the region in Bulukumba Gowa. Meanwhile, in the north, met Luwu Bone Walennae River. Medium Wajo, also slowly expanding their territory. While Soppeng expand westward until at Barru.
The war between Luwu and won by Bone and Bone rob the royal umbrella Luwu then unite their kingdoms. Walennae River is the economic point of Tempe Lake and Lake Sidenreng toward the Gulf of Bone. To maintain its position, Luwu build alliances with Wajo, by attacking some regions of Bone and Sidenreng. Next Luwu region increasingly shifted to the north and controlled Wajo through conquest or merger. Wajo then scrape with a Bone. Invasion of Gowa and Bone, and seized several areas conquered Wajo and Soppeng. To deal with the hegemony of Gowa, Bone kingdom, make alliances Wajo and Soppeng called "tellumpoccoe".
The spread of Islam
In the early 17th century, Islam came from Minangkabau announcer on the orders of Sultan Iskandar Muda of Aceh. They are Abdul Makmur (ri Datuk Flush) which convert the Gowa and Tallo, Suleiman (Datuk Patimang) to spread Islam in Luwu, and Nurdin Ariyani (Datuk ri Tiro) the broadcast of Islam in Bulukumba. [3]
Dutch Colonialism
Mid-17th century, there was fierce competition between Gowa with VOC to occur several times a battle. While Arumpone arrested in Gowa and led to resistance led by La Tenri Tatta Palakka Daeng Daeng Serang. Sporting Palakka Turatea supported by the silk berhianat the kingdom of Makassar and Gowa. While supported by the daughter of Sultan Hasanuddin La Tenri Lai Sporting Tosengngeng Matowa Wajo, Maradia Mandar, and Datu Luwu. Devastating war that resulted in many casualties Gowa & allies. This defeat resulted in the signing of the Treaty of adverse Bongaya kingdom of Gowa.
Datu's daughter's wedding Lapatau Luwu, Datu Soppeng, and the Somba of Gowa is a process of reconciliation of conflicts in the South Sulawesi peninsula. After that no major war adalagi until later in the year 1905-1906 after a fight Sultan Husayn Karaeng Lembang Machetes and La Pawawoi Karaeng Segeri Arumpone extinguished, the Makassar and Bugis people just can truly conquered the Netherlands. Empty local leadership resulted in the Dutch published Veklaring Korte, namely a short agreement concerning the appointment of the king as a recovery of the kingdom which had vacant after the conquest. Kingdom is no longer sovereign, but merely an extension of Dutch East Indies colonial government powers, until the Japanese later emerged the Netherlands shifted to the establishment of Homeland.
Independence Period
The kings of the archipelago got the insistence by the government of the Old Order (Soekarno) to dissolve their empire and melt in the container Homeland. In 1950-1960s, Indonesia is particularly preoccupied with the rebellion in South Sulawesi. This rebellion led many Bugis people leave their homes. In the New Order era, the cultural periphery, such as in Sulawesi culture truly marginalized so that increasingly eroded. Now the young generation of Makassar and Bugis are the generation that consumes more material culture as a result of modernization, the loss of identity due to the pattern of education of the New Order that marginalizes their culture. Along with the current reform Therefore, they discourse of division. Mandar region form a new province of West Sulawesi. Rulers Luwu district. While many districts and villages are also divided. But unfortunately the land does not become broader, even more narrow due to the increase of population and migration.
Livelihood
Because the Bugis community spread across the fertile lowland and coastal areas, most of the Bugis people living as farmers and fishermen. Other livelihoods are interested in the Bugis traders. Also the Bugis people also filled the government bureaucracy and work on education.
Makassar overseas
Makassar tribe expertise in ocean sailing quite well known, and they went up to the overseas territory of Malaysia, the Philippines, Brunei, Thailand, Australia, Madagascar and South Africa. In fact, on the outskirts of Cape Town, South Africa, there is a suburb named Maccassar, as a sign of local residents to remember their ancestors homeland.
Causes wander
The conflict between the kingdom of Bugis and Makassar and Bugis kingdom conflicts fellow century-16th, 17th, 18th and 19th, causing no quiet area of South Sulawesi. This caused the number of Bugis people migrated mainly in the coastal areas. In addition wander culture also driven by the desire for independence. Happiness in Buginese tradition can only be achieved through independence.
Bugis in East Kalimantan
Some Wajo Bugis people of the kingdom of Gowa who would not submit and adhere to the agreement Bongaja, they still continue the struggle and the guerrilla insurgency against the Dutch and others fled to other islands of which there is a move to the area of Kutai Sultanate, namely entourage led by Lamohang Mangkona Daeng (titled Pua Ado first). Arrival Wajo Bugis people of the Kingdom of Gowa was well received by the Sultan of Kutai.
Consent and agreement, by the King of Kutai entourage was given location around the village take the floor, a good low-lying areas to the business of Agriculture, Fisheries and Trade. In accordance with the agreement that the Bugis people of all interests Wajo must help the King of Kutai, especially in the face the enemy.
All of these groups chose the area around the estuary of the Coral Mumus (Selili regions across) but raises difficulties in this area because the areas that have current voyage round (berulak) with lots of dirt river. In addition to the background of the mountains (Mount Selili).
Makassar and Bugis in Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia
Having mastered the kingdom of Gowa by the VOC in the mid-17th century, many Malays and Minangkabau nomads who occupy positions at Bugis kingdom of Gowa with other people, participating leave Sulawesi to the kingdoms in the land of the Malays. Here they are involved in political struggles over the kingdoms of the Malays. Until this time many kings in Johor which is a descendant of Makassar.
Origins
Bugis is a tribe belonging to the tribes Deutero Malays. Go to the archipelago after the first wave of migration from mainland Asia rather Yunan.
The word "Bugis" derives from the word To Ugi, which means the Bugis. Naming "ugi" refers to the first king of the Chinese empire contained in Pammana, Wajo today, namely La Sattumpugi. When the people of La Sattumpugi named themselves, then they refer to their king. They dub themselves as To Ugi or people or followers of La Sattumpugi. He is the father of Sattumpugi We Cudai and sisters with Batara Lattu, his father from Sawerigading. Sawerigading itself is the husband of We Cudai and bore some children, including La Galigo that make the greatest literary works in the world with a total of approximately 9000 folio pages. Sawerigading Opunna Ware (his lordship in Ware) is a story that stated in I La Galigo literary works in the tradition of the Bugis community. Sawerigading story is known in the community tradition Luwuk, Kaili, Gorontalo and some other traditions such as the Buton in Sulawesi.
Development
During its development, this community grow and formed several kingdoms. This community then develop the culture, language, literacy, and governance of their own. Some classic Bugis kingdom among others Luwu, Bone, Wajo, Soppeng, Suppa, Sawitto, Sidenreng and Rappang. Although scattered and formed Bugis, but the process of marriage caused by consanguinity Makassar and Mandar.
Currently Bugis people scattered in several regencies of Luwu, Bone, Wajo, Soppeng, Sidrap, Pinrang, Barru. Transition area between the Bugis Makassar is Bulukumba, Sinjai, Maros, Pangkajene Islands. Bugis with Mandar transition area is the district community policing and Pinrang. Luwu Kingdom is considered the oldest kingdom with the kingdom of China (which later became Pammana), Mario (later became part Soppeng) and afternoon (the area in Pangkajene Islands)
Early Empire
Bone Kingdom
Bone area of disorder for seven generations, which subsequently appeared a known Manurungnge To Manurung ri Matajang. Seven small kings inaugurated Manurungnge ri Matajang as their king and their names became Arumpone legislative council known as pitue ade.
Kingdom of Makassar
In the 12th century, 13, and 14 feet kingdom of Gowa, Soppeng, Bone, and Wajo, which begins with a social crisis, where people prey on each other like fish. Kingdom of Makassar (Gowa), then co-founded the kingdom, the kingdom Tallo. But in its development, the twin kingdoms (Gowa and Tallo) back together into the kingdom of Makassar (Gowa).
Soppeng Kingdom
In the event of chaos, two people appeared in Soppeng To Manurung. First, a woman known by the name Manurungnge Goarie ri ri who then ruled Soppeng Aja. and second, a man named La Temmamala Manurungnge Sekkanyili ri ri Soppeng ruling in Lau. Finally, two kingdoms into the silk Soppeng twin.
Wajo Kingdom
While the royal Wajo derived from the communes of different directions Lampulungeng gathered around the lake that has led a supernatural ability called puangnge lampulung ri. Now, while he, the commune is moving to Boli headed by a person who also has supernatural abilities. Lapaukke arrival of a prince of the kingdom of China (Pammana) for some time afterward, and then build the kingdom Cinnotabi. Over the past five generations, this kingdom was dissolved and formed the Kingdom Wajo.
The conflict between the Kingdom
In the 15th century when the kingdoms of Gowa and Bone began to strengthen, and Soppeng and Wajo began to emerge, then the border conflict in the political domination and economic control of inter-kingdom. Bone kingdom expanded its territory to meet with the region in Bulukumba Gowa. Meanwhile, in the north, met Luwu Bone Walennae River. Medium Wajo, also slowly expanding their territory. While Soppeng expand westward until at Barru.
The war between Luwu and won by Bone and Bone rob the royal umbrella Luwu then unite their kingdoms. Walennae River is the economic point of Tempe Lake and Lake Sidenreng toward the Gulf of Bone. To maintain its position, Luwu build alliances with Wajo, by attacking some regions of Bone and Sidenreng. Next Luwu region increasingly shifted to the north and controlled Wajo through conquest or merger. Wajo then scrape with a Bone. Invasion of Gowa and Bone, and seized several areas conquered Wajo and Soppeng. To deal with the hegemony of Gowa, Bone kingdom, make alliances Wajo and Soppeng called "tellumpoccoe".
The spread of Islam
In the early 17th century, Islam came from Minangkabau announcer on the orders of Sultan Iskandar Muda of Aceh. They are Abdul Makmur (ri Datuk Flush) which convert the Gowa and Tallo, Suleiman (Datuk Patimang) to spread Islam in Luwu, and Nurdin Ariyani (Datuk ri Tiro) the broadcast of Islam in Bulukumba. [3]
Dutch Colonialism
Mid-17th century, there was fierce competition between Gowa with VOC to occur several times a battle. While Arumpone arrested in Gowa and led to resistance led by La Tenri Tatta Palakka Daeng Daeng Serang. Sporting Palakka Turatea supported by the silk berhianat the kingdom of Makassar and Gowa. While supported by the daughter of Sultan Hasanuddin La Tenri Lai Sporting Tosengngeng Matowa Wajo, Maradia Mandar, and Datu Luwu. Devastating war that resulted in many casualties Gowa & allies. This defeat resulted in the signing of the Treaty of adverse Bongaya kingdom of Gowa.
Datu's daughter's wedding Lapatau Luwu, Datu Soppeng, and the Somba of Gowa is a process of reconciliation of conflicts in the South Sulawesi peninsula. After that no major war adalagi until later in the year 1905-1906 after a fight Sultan Husayn Karaeng Lembang Machetes and La Pawawoi Karaeng Segeri Arumpone extinguished, the Makassar and Bugis people just can truly conquered the Netherlands. Empty local leadership resulted in the Dutch published Veklaring Korte, namely a short agreement concerning the appointment of the king as a recovery of the kingdom which had vacant after the conquest. Kingdom is no longer sovereign, but merely an extension of Dutch East Indies colonial government powers, until the Japanese later emerged the Netherlands shifted to the establishment of Homeland.
Independence Period
The kings of the archipelago got the insistence by the government of the Old Order (Soekarno) to dissolve their empire and melt in the container Homeland. In 1950-1960s, Indonesia is particularly preoccupied with the rebellion in South Sulawesi. This rebellion led many Bugis people leave their homes. In the New Order era, the cultural periphery, such as in Sulawesi culture truly marginalized so that increasingly eroded. Now the young generation of Makassar and Bugis are the generation that consumes more material culture as a result of modernization, the loss of identity due to the pattern of education of the New Order that marginalizes their culture. Along with the current reform Therefore, they discourse of division. Mandar region form a new province of West Sulawesi. Rulers Luwu district. While many districts and villages are also divided. But unfortunately the land does not become broader, even more narrow due to the increase of population and migration.
Livelihood
Because the Bugis community spread across the fertile lowland and coastal areas, most of the Bugis people living as farmers and fishermen. Other livelihoods are interested in the Bugis traders. Also the Bugis people also filled the government bureaucracy and work on education.
Makassar overseas
Makassar tribe expertise in ocean sailing quite well known, and they went up to the overseas territory of Malaysia, the Philippines, Brunei, Thailand, Australia, Madagascar and South Africa. In fact, on the outskirts of Cape Town, South Africa, there is a suburb named Maccassar, as a sign of local residents to remember their ancestors homeland.
Causes wander
The conflict between the kingdom of Bugis and Makassar and Bugis kingdom conflicts fellow century-16th, 17th, 18th and 19th, causing no quiet area of South Sulawesi. This caused the number of Bugis people migrated mainly in the coastal areas. In addition wander culture also driven by the desire for independence. Happiness in Buginese tradition can only be achieved through independence.
Bugis in East Kalimantan
Some Wajo Bugis people of the kingdom of Gowa who would not submit and adhere to the agreement Bongaja, they still continue the struggle and the guerrilla insurgency against the Dutch and others fled to other islands of which there is a move to the area of Kutai Sultanate, namely entourage led by Lamohang Mangkona Daeng (titled Pua Ado first). Arrival Wajo Bugis people of the Kingdom of Gowa was well received by the Sultan of Kutai.
Consent and agreement, by the King of Kutai entourage was given location around the village take the floor, a good low-lying areas to the business of Agriculture, Fisheries and Trade. In accordance with the agreement that the Bugis people of all interests Wajo must help the King of Kutai, especially in the face the enemy.
All of these groups chose the area around the estuary of the Coral Mumus (Selili regions across) but raises difficulties in this area because the areas that have current voyage round (berulak) with lots of dirt river. In addition to the background of the mountains (Mount Selili).
Makassar and Bugis in Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia
Having mastered the kingdom of Gowa by the VOC in the mid-17th century, many Malays and Minangkabau nomads who occupy positions at Bugis kingdom of Gowa with other people, participating leave Sulawesi to the kingdoms in the land of the Malays. Here they are involved in political struggles over the kingdoms of the Malays. Until this time many kings in Johor which is a descendant of Makassar.
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